28
Fibre Channel: Connection to the Future
FRAMING AND SIGNALING PROTOCOL: FC-2
Reliable communications result from Fibre Channel’s FC-2 Framing
and Signaling protocol. FC-2 defines a data transport mechanism that
is independent of upper layer protocols. FC-2 is self-configuring and
supports point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched environments
(see Figure 4.5).
An N_Port is a port on a node, such as a server, workstation, or
peripheral. If a port is connected to a loop, it becomes an NL_Port.
Data communications are performed over a Fibre Channel link by
the interconnected ports. A node includes an ASIC with an embedded
Fibre Channel Link Control Facility, which handles the logical and
physical control of the link. The Link Control Facility provides a
logical interface to the rest of the end system. That part of the node
provides processing of the Fibre Channel protocol.
Each port can act as an Originator, a Responder, or both, and
contains a transmitter and a receiver. Each port is given a unique
name, called an N_Port or NL_Port Identifier. Full duplex data flow
doubles the bandwidth of Fibre Channel.
FC-2 provides a rich set of functions in addition to defining the
framing structure. These functions include:
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A robust 32-bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check) detects
transmission errors to ensure data integrity.
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Various Classes of Service provide and manage circuit switching,
frame switching, datagram services, and fractional bandwidth
virtual circuits through the fabric. Class 1 is a true circuit-switched
connection; Class 2 is a connectionless, frame-switched link
providing guaranteed delivery and receipt confirmation; Class 3, a
connectionless service with no confirmation of receipt; Intermix
permits connectionless traffic simultaneously with Class 1
connection service; Class 4 supports fractional bandwidth virtual
circuits; and Class 6 is a simplex connection service with multicast
and preemption. The Classes of Service are described in detail in
Chapter 6.
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Constructs to support efficient multiplexing of operations.
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A flow control scheme that also provides a guaranteed delivery
capability. Flow control is buffer-to-buffer and/or node-to-node for
connectionless service and node-to-node for connection service.

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