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The good news is that, with the right approach, exercising at home can and should be pleasant. You can combine strength training, aerobic exercise and flexibility activities that you enjoy and gain valuable health benefits. Strength Training Aerobic Exercise Stretching Frequency 2 to 3 times/week 3 to 5 times/week Intensity 8-12 reps 60-90% of "easy" feeling until fatigue Stretch Time 20-40 minutes 20-60 minutes Type 10 exercises any rhythmical activity 3 to 6 times/week max HR 10 minutes 10 stretches ¦ Flexibility To be in total balance it is important to be flexible. While not part of the ACSM guidelines, flexibility is important for you to perform tasks that require reaching, twisting and turning your body. Hip flexibility, for example, is important to preventing lower back pain. ¦ Exercise and Body Composition Body composition is an important component of health-related fitness. Good body composition results from aerobic activity, strength training and proper diet. Your everyday caloric balance will determine whether you will gain or lose weight from day-to-day. Caloric balance refers to the difference between the calories you take in from food eaten and caloric expenditure or the amount of energy you put out in daily activities, work or exercise. Body weight is lost when caloric expenditure exceeds caloric intake or when caloric intake is less than caloric expenditure. It is a known physiological fact that one pound of fat is equal to 3500 calories of energy. Though it is predictable that shifts in caloric balance will be accompanied by changes in body weight, how your body loses weight varies on the various programs you may undertake to lose weight. For example, low calorie diets cause a substantial loss of water and lean body tissue, such as muscle. In contrast, an exercise-induced negative caloric balance results in a weight loss of primarily fat stores. If you were to add a resistant training component to your program, you may also see a slight increase in weight due to a gain in muscle mass, while an aerobic based program usually results in a maintenance of muscle mass. While both approaches to weight loss are effective, aerobic activity is found to be very effective because metabolism stays sustained for longer periods of time and energy. Expenditure is greater with activities that use large muscle groups such as walking, cycling, cross-county skiing, etc. Follow these guidelines when engaging in a weight loss program that combines exercise and caloric restriction: • Ensure that you are consuming at least 1,200 calories per day in a balanced diet. You need to consume calories for everyday bodily, healthy functions. • You should not exceed more than a 500 to 1,000 calories per day negative caloric balance, combining both caloric restriction and exercise. This will result in a gradual weight loss, without a loss of lean body weight (muscle). 12 You should not lose more than 2 pounds per week on a diet. • Include an exercise program that provides as least 300 calories or more of activity per day. This is best accomplished with exercise of low intensity and long duration. Many pieces of home fitness equipment give estimates of calories burned while exercising. Remember these are approximate calories burned, exact amounts will depend on type of exercise, your body size, intensity and duration. • Add resistance training to your program to add muscle mass. Muscle cells are more active than fat cells and will help you burn more calories per day. • Include use of behavior modification techniques to identify and eliminate bad diet and eating habits. You should strive to burn between 300 to 500 calories per exercise session and 1000 to 2000 calories per week in exercise. Remember that sustained aerobic activities that use large muscle groups will cause the greatest energy expenditure. If overweight or obese, you may want to keep the intensity even lower than 60 percent of maximum heart rate to keep the risk of orthopedic injuries at a minimum. Nonweight-bearing activities such as stationary cycling may be considered for this group, or for those who suffer from orthopedic or arthritis problems. ¦ A Balanced Workout All of your balanced home workouts should include three parts: – Warm-up – The main aerobic and/or strength routine – Cool-down Together, exercise and recovery comprise fitness conditioning: deny either and you invite injury and minimize benefits. Our bodies and minds become stronger and more efficient in response to their use and exercise. Overuse and overload will cause breakdown. You don't want too much, but just enough. The secret is to know when you are pushing too much or too little. Monitoring your heart rate tells you how much to exercise and when to rest. ¦ Warm-up A good warm-up will help you perform better and will decrease the aches and pains most people experience. The warm-up prepares your muscles for exercise and allows your oxygen supply to ready itself for what's to come. Studies ...