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Suddenly, the next generation of high-performance applications for design and graphics, media production, and scientific research is possible and practical on the desktop. That’s because the PowerPC G5 brings a 64-bit architecture to the Mac platform—ushering in an exciting new era in personal computing. The introduction of the PowerPC G5 is a product of Apple’s partnership with IBM, leveraging the most advanced chip design and manufacturing expertise in the world. The results are phenomenal: 130-nanometer fabrication technology, 2GHz clock speeds, and an all-new PowerPC architecture. Together, they put enormous computing power within the reach of personal computer users: •The ability to address huge amounts of memory provides ultrafast data access, boosting performance for 2D imaging, 3D design, and video rendering tasks. •A high-bandwidth execution core with 12 functional units improves performance by executing multiple instructions per cycle in parallel. •An optimized 128-bit Velocity Engine cranks through image editing tasks, high- definition video transitions, and complex scientific analysis. •Two double-precision floating-point units accelerate 64-bit calculations for 3D visualization, research simulations, and multitrack audio creation. The G5 processor is making its debut in the Power Mac G5, the world’s fastest personal computer according to industry-standard SPEC benchmarks.1 Now Power Mac users can tackle projects never before possible on a desktop system—and blaze through their work faster than ever. In fact, the Power Mac G5 runs Adobe Photoshop more than two times faster than the fastest Pentium 4–based system.2 Best of all, the PowerPC G5 runs 32-bit code—including existing Mac OS X applications—natively, so the transition to 64-bit power is absolutely seamless. Welcome to the PowerPC G5, the world’s first 64-bit desktop processor and the heart of the new Power Mac. White Paper PowerPC G5 The World’s First 64-Bit Desktop Processor 32-bit processing Postcard = 24 in.2 (155 cm2) 64-bit processing Manhattan = 22 mi.2 (57 km2) NDNDNDND D 4.3 billion times bigger To grasp the exponential leap from 32-bit to 64-bit processing, imagine equating the range of numbers a processor can express with a two-dimensional area. A 32-bit processor can express a range of integers equal to the size of a postcard, while a 64-bit processor can express a range of integers larger than the island of Manhattan. The PowerPC G5 marks the arrival of 64-bit performance to the personal computer market. With 64-bit-wide data paths and registers, this groundbreaking new processor can address vast amounts of main memory and handle multiple large integer and floating-point math calculations in a single clock cycle. An Exponential Leap in Computing Power The label “32-bit” or “64-bit” characterizes the width of a microprocessor’s data stream, which is a function of the sizes of its registers and the internal data paths that feed the registers. A 64-bit processor moves data and instructions along 64-bit-wide data paths— compared with the 32-bit-wide paths on 32-bit processors, such as the Pentium 4. In addition, 64-bit processors have wide registers that can store 64-bit numbers as well as 32-bit numbers. The leap from 32-bit to 64-bit processing represents an exponential advance in computing power. With 32-bit registers, a processor has a dynamic range of 232, or 4.3 billion—which means it can express integers from 0 to 4.3 billion. With 64-bit registers, the dynamic range catapults to 264, or 18 billion billion—4.3 billion times larger than the range of a 32-bit processor. Memory Addressing up to 18 Exabytes The move to 64-bit processing results in a similarly dramatic leap in the amount of memory supported. A memory address is a special kind of integer, and each address points to one byte in memory. Since memory addresses are computed in 64-bit registers capable of expressing 18 billion billion integers, the PowerPC G5 can theoretically address 18 exabytes (18 billion billion bytes) of virtual memory. In practice, memory addressing is defined by the physical address space of the processor. The PowerPC G5, with 42 bits of physical address space, supports a colossal 242 bytes, or 4 terabytes, of system memory. Although it’s not currently feasible to purchase 4 terabytes of RAM, very large quantities of memory enable a desktop system to contain a gigantic 3D model, a complex scientific simulation, or a sequence of HD video entirely in RAM—drastically reducing the time to access, modify, and render the data. White Paper PowerPC G5 PowerPC G5 PowerPC G5 Xeon Xeon The bidirectional frontside bus allows data to travel to and from the PowerPC G5 processor at the same time. In dual processor systems, each PowerPC G5 has its own dedicated interface to maximize throughput—compared with dual Xeon-based systems, which force the processors to share a single bus. High-Precision Calculations in a Single Clock Cycle With 64-bit-wide data paths...